Emerging adult homelessness is a pressing issue that affects countless young people aged 18 to 24. This transitional period in life is critical, and without stable housing, these individuals face immense challenges that hinder their ability to build a secure future. By exploring the causes, impacts and solutions to this issue, we can better understand how to support these vulnerable individuals and prevent cycles of homelessness.

What is Emerging Adult Homelessness?

Emerging adult homelessness refers to the housing instability experienced by individuals ages 18 to 24. This group often faces unique challenges as they transition from adolescence to adulthood, a critical developmental stage characterized by increased independence and responsibility. Without stable housing, emerging adults may struggle to establish the foundation needed for a healthy and productive future.

This issue stands apart from homelessness among children and older adults due to the developmental, social and economic pressures specific to this age group. Recognizing these distinctions is essential for crafting effective interventions.

Causes of Emerging Adult Homelessness

Emerging adult homelessness stems from several interconnected factors, often creating a complex web of challenges that leave young people without stable housing. These factors are deeply rooted in individual circumstances, systemic issues, and societal inequities, and can include:

Family Conflict or Abuse

Toxic family environments, domestic violence and abuse force many young people to leave home. Rejection due to differences in values, such as sexual orientation or gender identity, can also leave many without support.

Aging Out of Foster Care

Youth leaving the foster care system often lack the resources to secure housing. On average, 31-46 percent of youth exiting foster care experience homelessness by age 26.

Economic Instability

Low-wage jobs, rising living costs and growing debt make it difficult for emerging adults to afford housing, as they struggle to achieve financial independence.

Mental Health Issues

Anxiety, depression and trauma can hinder young people from maintaining jobs or housing–with these issues often worsening due to a lack of affordable care.

Substance Use Disorders

Substance use can lead to job loss and eviction. It can become an ongoing cycle, as homelessness can drive individuals toward further drug or alcohol use as a coping mechanism.

Disruptions in Education

Homelessness often disrupts education, making it harder for emerging adults to complete school or gain the qualifications needed for stable employment.

Systemic Inequities

Discrimination and systemic barriers disproportionately affect LGBTQ+ youth, racial minorities and low-income individuals, increasing their risk of homelessness.

Natural Disasters and Climate Change

Emerging adults impacted by disasters often lack resources to recover, leading to housing instability.

The Impact of Emerging Adult Homelessness

Homelessness during this critical developmental stage has far-reaching consequences, including:

Physical and Mental Health Challenges

Homeless individuals often experience untreated medical conditions and mental health issues, leading to long-term health complications. The stress of homelessness can also exacerbate existing health problems, making recovery even more difficult.

Barriers to Education and Employment

Lack of stable housing disrupts education and limits access to job opportunities, creating a cycle of poverty. Without a stable address or transportation, many emerging adults struggle to apply for jobs or enroll in job training programs.

Social Isolation and Trauma

Homelessness isolates emerging adults from their peers and community, often resulting in profound trauma. This isolation can erode their self-esteem and make it harder to build supportive relationships or access help.

Increased Risk of Substance Use and Crime

Without support, many turn to substance use or illegal activities to survive, further perpetuating instability. These behaviors can also lead to legal troubles, making it even more challenging to escape homelessness.

Solutions for Emerging Adult Homelessness

Addressing emerging adult homelessness requires a comprehensive and compassionate approach, one that recognizes the unique challenges faced by young adults during this pivotal stage of life. Solutions must focus on both immediate needs, such as housing and healthcare, and long-term goals, like education and employment, to break the cycle of homelessness and build pathways to independence.

Access to Affordable Housing

Expanding affordable housing options ensures young adults have a stable foundation. Programs that include transitional housing or rental assistance can bridge the gap to long-term stability.

Mental Health and Addiction Services

Providing accessible care helps individuals manage challenges that contribute to homelessness. Early intervention programs and integrated healthcare services can make a significant difference in preventing chronic homelessness.

Education and Employment Programs

Training programs and job placement services empower emerging adults to achieve financial independence. Mentorship and apprenticeship opportunities can also help them develop the skills needed to thrive in the workforce.

Wraparound Services

Many organizations like PathForward offer holistic support, including case management, healthcare and life skills training, to address the root causes of homelessness. These comprehensive services ensure emerging adults have access to a network of resources tailored to their unique needs.

Community Engagement

Collaborative efforts between governments, nonprofits and communities are essential to creating lasting solutions. Public awareness campaigns and volunteer initiatives can also help build stronger safety nets for vulnerable youth.

Help End Homelessness with PathForward

Since 1992, PathForward has been helping people find their way to stability. Through comprehensive programs that offer a full circle of support, our clients find hope, dignity and the chance to live free from the threat of homelessness. Contact us to learn more, volunteer your time or make a donation!